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Wheeler Hazard Peckham, born in 1833, was the eldest of three sons of New York Court of Appeals Judge Rufus Wheeler Peckham. He was born in Albany, attended Albany Academy, and later a French boarding school in Utica and a year at Union College.
He left Union due to health problems and spent a year in Europe. Returning in 1853, he became one of Albany Law School’s first students. Completing the program at Albany Law, he joined his father’s firm of Peckham & Tremain.